Alternatives to Acceleration in Math

For awhile now, I've been getting to know many parents of gifted children, a population where there seems to be a disproportionate interest in math.  I identify a lot with many of these kids.  I had a propensity for math, and it was a subject in which I took pride because I could get the high scores that made me stand out.  At the same time, I didn't like the math that I learned, not until calculus.  When I look at how the math-gifted kids are dealt with, I am somewhat befuddled.  Here we are, gifted and many of us homelearning:  We acknowledge that there is no one size that fits all, not in pacing, not in interests, and not in learning styles.  Yet, it seems to me that nearly all the math-gifted kids are offered the same accommodation, differing only in pacing.

In the schools, both brick and mortar and online, advancement in math seems easy to deal with.  The student takes some tests and gets accelerated to the appropriate grade.  Now, for many kids, that is a good way to go.  Acceleration means more difficult material delivered in a neat package.  The package is important because many parents are unsure of their own knowledge in math.  Many kids thrive on the challenge.

Sometimes, acceleration isn't possible or it isn't enough.  Then students might be offered contest problems or lateral thinking puzzles.  Very occasionally, they are shown math from other cultures or given some math history.  These topics and exercises are fun and interesting, but they're also piecemeal and lacking in the area of actually educating in math.

Additionally, what about those whose thinking is divergent, who learn through problem solving, or whose language or development makes them unready to tackle coursework at their mathematical level?

How about depth instead of pacing?  Making connections?  Cultivating intuition?

BatBoy is 7 now.  His placement tests put him somewhere in the middle of grade 5 for math.  He doesn't know all of his multiplication tables.  He can do short division but not long.  Multiple digit multiplication is messy for him.  He has a need to know numbers in depth.  He loves prime numbers, families of exponents, roots, and factor trees.  He senses there is more to know about fractions and wants to dig in.  He is not ready for the procedural task of traditional algebra.  Contest problems freak him out.  So what do we do?  What have we done?

I write this because we have delved into deeper math with BatBoy, and I am convinced that other children would also love to explore math in this way.  BatBoy's past year has looked like this:  Along with regular skills, such as listing combinations, and surface explorations, such as of fractals, he's also continued to explore numbers in depth.  The topic of prime numbers led us to explore 0 and 1.  0 and 1 are special; in what other ways are they special?  What are the roles of 0 and 1 in multiplication, fractions, exponents, negative numbers?  What is interesting about other numbers, such as 6, 7, 8, 9, 36, 49?  What happens when we try to take 0 to the power of 0?  What does it mean to get one answer when you look at it one way (anything to the power of 0 is 1) and another answer when you look at it another way (0 to any power is 0)?  It means there's no solution, because in math, a solution is valid if you can reach it no matter how you get there!  How do we divide by fractions?  The math books will say that you multiply by the reciprocal.  This is a huge pet peeve of mine, because it is around this time that many students seem to throw up their hands and decide that math is meaningless and arbitrary.  Who can blame them really?  Nobody can explain why we multiply by the reciprocal; nobody even attempts an explanation.  BatBoy would not accept (nor remember) such a procedure.  What do we do?  We make a foray into the idea of mathematical proof.  Turn a concrete example into a representation that could be any numbers m and n, and we prove that dividing by 1/2 is the same as multiplying by 2.  (For older students, I have begun with the idea of the fraction as a division.  Once they see that dividing by 2 is the same as multiplying by 1/2, the reverse translates easily.  BatBoy did not accept the reverse as obvious.)

BatBoy may not extend these mathematical habits of mind into other problems right away.  However, the seeds are planted.  By filling out the world of mathematics beyond definitions and skills, we create context.  This is the kind of context a "mathy" kid needs.  This world of math is the context in which connections between numbers and concepts are made.  And if we can be patient with the slow and unsystematic way a child makes these connections, the foundation is laid for encouraging the development of mathematical intuition.

Pi Day

Not quite in time for Pi Day (Yesterday, we were busy eating pie with friends.) is a video of Physics Girl estimating pi with darts.  When I watched the first bit, I almost gave up on it.  It's only human to aim for the centre of a target.  But it's worth a watch to the end! 

The kids loved it, especially the part where they throw multiple darts with a blindfold on!

Infinity

An acquaintance recommended a site full of "math in daily life" videos.  Lately, math around here has become a little dull.  SpiderGirl is practising multiplication tables; BatBoy hasn't had anything new for awhile; so the inspiration was welcome.

"The Infinite Life of Pi" caught BatBoy's imagination.

He calls these his "infinite drawings."  He made one that looked just like a visual representation of Fibonacci's sequence too.  (It was a series of adjacent squares.)  From there, we went on to explore ways infinity shows up.  His drawings reminded me of fractals, so I found some videos to show him.

And of course, the Ted-Ed had a video on fractals too.

Finally, we looked at what happens when we allow long division to go into decimals instead writing a remainder or changing to a mixed fraction.